Rectification of vector fields and the failure of its dual


Darko Milinković, Milan Perić




Although tangent and cotangent bundles are isomorphic vector bundles, the geometric and the dynamic properties of vector fields and differentialṟ 1-forms differ fundamentally. By contrasting two genuinely different -- though formally dual -- concepts of differential equations, this paper exposes a subtle asymmetry whose careful analysis is pedagogically valuable for advanced undergraduate university students.