Basic algebra is often the first step that enables school students to enter the world of mathematics. Concepts such as relations, equations, and polynomials are considered basic algebraic concepts. Understanding these basic concepts determines the further progress and development of mathematical competencies. After all, some educational systems insist on developing procedural knowledge in mathematics, which is why these and many other fundamental concepts remain underdeveloped. In this paper, we present the research results at two mathematics faculties in the Western Balkans on students' conceptual knowledge of basic algebraic ideas at the beginning of their studies. We also discuss possible explanations of the results.