An Alternative Theorem for Continuous Relations and its Applications


Ákos Münnich, Árpád Száz


In this paper, improving [10, Lemma 3.5] of M. S. Stanojević, we prove the following alternative theorem: If $S$ is a continuous relation from a connected space $X$ into a space $Y$ and $V$ is a subset of $Y$ such that at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled: (i) $V$ is both open and closed, (ii) $S$ is open-valued and $V$ is closed, (iii) $S^{-1}$ is open-valued and $V$ is open, (iv) both $S$ and $S^{-1}$ are open-valued; then either $S(x)\subset V$ for all $x\in X$, or $S(x)\setminus V\neq \emptyset$ for all $x\in X$.