We present some open problems pertaining to the approximation theory involved in the solution of the Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. For this important equation, any Initial Value Problem (IVP) can be theoretically solved by the Inverse Scattering Transform (IST) technique whose main steps involve the solution of Volterra equations with structured kernels on unbounded domains, the solution of Fredholm integral equations and the identification of coefficients and parameters of monomial-exponential sums. The aim of the paper is twofold: propose a method for solving the above mentioned problems under particular hypothesis; arise interest in the issues illustrated to achieve an effective method for solving the problem under more general assumptions