Construction of Simultaneous Cospectral Graphs for Adjacency, Laplacian and Normalized Laplacian Matrices


Arpita Das, Pratima Panigrahi




In this paper we construct several classes of non-regular graphs which are co-spectral with respect to all the three matrices, namely, adjacency, Laplacian and normalized Laplacian, and hence we answer a question asked by Butler \cite{But1}. We make these constructions starting with two pairs ($G_{1}$, $H_{1}$) and ($G_{2}$, $H_{2}$) of $A$-cospectral regular graphs, then considering the subdivision graphs $S(G_{i})$ and R-graphs $\mathcal{R}(H_{i})$, $i=1,2$, and finally making some kind of partial joins between $S(G_{1})$ and $\mathcal{R}(G_{2})$ and $S(H_{1})$ and $\mathcal{R}(H_{2})$. Moreover, we determine the number of spanning trees and the Kirchhoff index of the newly constructed graphs.