We present an overview of a theoretical and computational framework designed to extract fundamental properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is an extended version of my inaugural lecture delivered on $2$nd meeting of Department of Mathematics, Physics and Geosciences in the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts under the same title on March $28, 2025$. The approach combines dynamical energy loss theory with realistic hydrodynamic backgrounds, enabling quantitative tomography of the QGP. A key emphasis is placed on the synergy between high-$p_T$ and low-$p_T$ observables, supported by the DREENA numerical framework, which allows direct comparison of theoretical predictions with experimental data. This review outlines the motivation, methodology, and major findings of this research direction, providing the foundation for the next generation of precision studies in heavy-ion physics.